SORT BY 子句
描述
SORT BY 子句用于按照用户指定的顺序返回每个分区内排序的结果行。当存在多个分区时，SORT BY 可能会返回部分排序的结果。这与 ORDER BY 子句不同，后者保证输出的总体顺序。
语法
SORT BY { expression [ sort_direction | nulls_sort_order ] [ , ... ] }
参数
-
SORT BY
指定一个逗号分隔的表达式列表，以及可选参数
sort_direction和nulls_sort_order，用于对每个分区内的行进行排序。 -
sort_direction
可选地指定是按升序还是降序对行进行排序。排序方向的有效值为：
ASC表示升序，DESC表示降序。如果未明确指定排序方向，则默认情况下按升序对行进行排序。语法：
[ ASC | DESC ] -
nulls_sort_order
可选地指定空值是在非空值之前还是之后返回。如果未指定
null_sort_order，则如果排序顺序为ASC，则空值排在前面；如果排序顺序为DESC，则空值排在最后。- 如果指定了
NULLS FIRST，则无论排序顺序如何，空值都将首先返回。 - 如果指定了
NULLS LAST，则无论排序顺序如何，空值都将最后返回。
语法：
[ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] - 如果指定了
示例
CREATE TABLE person (zip_code INT, name STRING, age INT);
INSERT INTO person VALUES
(94588, 'Zen Hui', 50),
(94588, 'Dan Li', 18),
(94588, 'Anil K', 27),
(94588, 'John V', NULL),
(94511, 'David K', 42),
(94511, 'Aryan B.', 18),
(94511, 'Lalit B.', NULL);
-- Use `REPARTITION` hint to partition the data by `zip_code` to
-- examine the `SORT BY` behavior. This is used in rest of the
-- examples.
-- Sort rows by `name` within each partition in ascending manner
SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ name, age, zip_code FROM person SORT BY name;
+--------+----+--------+
| name| age|zip_code|
+--------+----+--------+
| Anil K| 27| 94588|
| Dan Li| 18| 94588|
| John V|null| 94588|
| Zen Hui| 50| 94588|
|Aryan B.| 18| 94511|
| David K| 42| 94511|
|Lalit B.|null| 94511|
+--------+----+--------+
-- Sort rows within each partition using column position.
SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ name, age, zip_code FROM person SORT BY 1;
+--------+----+--------+
| name| age|zip_code|
+--------+----+--------+
| Anil K| 27| 94588|
| Dan Li| 18| 94588|
| John V|null| 94588|
| Zen Hui| 50| 94588|
|Aryan B.| 18| 94511|
| David K| 42| 94511|
|Lalit B.|null| 94511|
+--------+----+--------+
-- Sort rows within partition in ascending manner keeping null values to be last.
SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ age, name, zip_code FROM person SORT BY age NULLS LAST;
+----+--------+--------+
| age| name|zip_code|
+----+--------+--------+
| 18| Dan Li| 94588|
| 27| Anil K| 94588|
| 50| Zen Hui| 94588|
|null| John V| 94588|
| 18|Aryan B.| 94511|
| 42| David K| 94511|
|null|Lalit B.| 94511|
+----+--------+--------+
-- Sort rows by age within each partition in descending manner, which defaults to NULL LAST.
SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ age, name, zip_code FROM person SORT BY age DESC;
+----+--------+--------+
| age| name|zip_code|
+----+--------+--------+
| 50| Zen Hui| 94588|
| 27| Anil K| 94588|
| 18| Dan Li| 94588|
|null| John V| 94588|
| 42| David K| 94511|
| 18|Aryan B.| 94511|
|null|Lalit B.| 94511|
+----+--------+--------+
-- Sort rows by age within each partition in descending manner keeping null values to be first.
SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ age, name, zip_code FROM person SORT BY age DESC NULLS FIRST;
+----+--------+--------+
| age| name|zip_code|
+----+--------+--------+
|null| John V| 94588|
| 50| Zen Hui| 94588|
| 27| Anil K| 94588|
| 18| Dan Li| 94588|
|null|Lalit B.| 94511|
| 42| David K| 94511|
| 18|Aryan B.| 94511|
+----+--------+--------+
-- Sort rows within each partition based on more than one column with each column having
-- different sort direction.
SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ name, age, zip_code FROM person
SORT BY name ASC, age DESC;
+--------+----+--------+
| name| age|zip_code|
+--------+----+--------+
| Anil K| 27| 94588|
| Dan Li| 18| 94588|
| John V|null| 94588|
| Zen Hui| 50| 94588|
|Aryan B.| 18| 94511|
| David K| 42| 94511|
|Lalit B.|null| 94511|
+--------+----+--------+