INSERT TABLE
描述
INSERT 语句将新行插入到表中，或覆盖表中的现有数据。插入的行可以通过值表达式指定，也可以从查询结果中获取。
语法
INSERT [ INTO | OVERWRITE ] [ TABLE ] table_identifier [ partition_spec ] [ ( column_list ) ]
{ VALUES ( { value | NULL } [ , ... ] ) [ , ( ... ) ] | query }
INSERT INTO [ TABLE ] table_identifier REPLACE WHERE boolean_expression query
参数
-
table_identifier
指定表名，可以选择使用数据库名称进行限定。
语法：
[ database_name. ] table_name -
partition_spec
一个可选参数，用于指定分区键值对的逗号分隔列表。请注意，可以在分区规范中使用类型化字面量（例如，date'2019-01-02'）。
语法：
PARTITION ( partition_col_name = partition_col_val [ , ... ] ) -
column_list
一个可选参数，用于指定属于
table_identifier表的逗号分隔的列列表。Spark 将根据指定的列列表重新排序输入查询的列，以匹配表模式。注意：当前行为有一些限制
- 所有指定的列都应该存在于表中，并且彼此不重复。它包括除静态分区列之外的所有列。
- 列列表的大小应该与
VALUES子句或查询中的数据大小完全一致。
-
VALUES ( { value
|NULL } [ , … ] ) [ , ( … ) ]指定要插入的值。可以插入显式指定的值或 NULL。必须使用逗号分隔子句中的每个值。可以指定多组值以插入多行。
-
boolean_expression
指定任何计算结果类型为
boolean的表达式。可以使用逻辑运算符（AND、OR）组合两个或多个表达式。 -
query
生成要插入的行的查询。它可以采用以下格式之一
示例
插入
使用 VALUES 子句插入单行
CREATE TABLE students (name VARCHAR(64), address VARCHAR(64))
USING PARQUET PARTITIONED BY (student_id INT);
INSERT INTO students VALUES
('Amy Smith', '123 Park Ave, San Jose', 111111);
SELECT * FROM students;
+---------+----------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+---------+----------------------+----------+
|Amy Smith|123 Park Ave, San Jose| 111111|
+---------+----------------------+----------+
使用 VALUES 子句插入多行
INSERT INTO students VALUES
('Bob Brown', '456 Taylor St, Cupertino', 222222),
('Cathy Johnson', '789 Race Ave, Palo Alto', 333333);
SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+------------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+-------------+------------------------+----------+
| Amy Smith| 123 Park Ave, San Jose| 111111|
+-------------+------------------------+----------+
| Bob Brown|456 Taylor St, Cupertino| 222222|
+-------------+------------------------+----------+
|Cathy Johnson| 789 Race Ave, Palo Alto| 333333|
+--------------+-----------------------+----------+
使用 SELECT 语句插入
-- Assuming the persons table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM persons;
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
| name| address| ssn|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Menlo Park|123456789|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
| Eddie Davis| 245 Market St, Milpitas|345678901|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
INSERT INTO students PARTITION (student_id = 444444)
SELECT name, address FROM persons WHERE name = "Dora Williams";
SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| Amy Smith| 123 Park Ave, San Jose| 111111|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| Bob Brown| 456 Taylor St, Cupertino| 222222|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Cathy Johnson| 789 Race Ave, Palo Alto| 333333|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Menlo Park| 444444|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
使用 TABLE 语句插入
-- Assuming the visiting_students table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM visiting_students;
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|Fleur Laurent|345 Copper St, London| 777777|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|Gordon Martin| 779 Lake Ave, Oxford| 888888|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
INSERT INTO students TABLE visiting_students;
SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| Amy Smith| 123 Park Ave, San Jose| 111111|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| Bob Brown| 456 Taylor St, Cupertino| 222222|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Cathy Johnson| 789 Race Ave, Palo Alto| 333333|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Menlo Park| 444444|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Fleur Laurent| 345 Copper St, London| 777777|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Gordon Martin| 779 Lake Ave, Oxford| 888888|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
使用 FROM 语句插入
-- Assuming the applicants table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM applicants;
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
| name| address|student_id|qualified|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
|Helen Davis| 469 Mission St, San Diego| 999999| true|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
| Ivy King|367 Leigh Ave, Santa Clara| 101010| false|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
| Jason Wang| 908 Bird St, Saratoga| 121212| true|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
INSERT INTO students
FROM applicants SELECT name, address, student_id WHERE qualified = true;
SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| Amy Smith| 123 Park Ave, San Jose| 111111|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| Bob Brown| 456 Taylor St, Cupertino| 222222|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Cathy Johnson| 789 Race Ave, Palo Alto| 333333|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Menlo Park| 444444|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Fleur Laurent| 345 Copper St, London| 777777|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Gordon Martin| 779 Lake Ave, Oxford| 888888|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| Helen Davis| 469 Mission St, San Diego| 999999|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| Jason Wang| 908 Bird St, Saratoga| 121212|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
使用类型化日期字面量作为分区列值插入
CREATE TABLE students (name STRING, address STRING) PARTITIONED BY (birthday DATE);
INSERT INTO students PARTITION (birthday = date'2019-01-02')
VALUES ('Amy Smith', '123 Park Ave, San Jose');
SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+
| name| address| birthday|
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+
| Amy Smith| 123 Park Ave, San Jose| 2019-01-02|
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+
使用列列表插入
INSERT INTO students (address, name, student_id) VALUES
('Hangzhou, China', 'Kent Yao', 11215016);
SELECT * FROM students WHERE name = 'Kent Yao';
+---------+----------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+---------+----------------------+----------+
|Kent Yao | Hangzhou, China| 11215016|
+---------+----------------------+----------+
使用分区规范和列列表插入
INSERT INTO students PARTITION (student_id = 11215017) (address, name) VALUES
('Hangzhou, China', 'Kent Yao Jr.');
SELECT * FROM students WHERE student_id = 11215017;
+------------+----------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+------------+----------------------+----------+
|Kent Yao Jr.| Hangzhou, China| 11215017|
+------------+----------------------+----------+
插入覆盖
使用 VALUES 子句插入
-- Assuming the students table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| Amy Smith| 123 Park Ave, San Jose| 111111|
| Bob Brown| 456 Taylor St, Cupertino| 222222|
|Cathy Johnson| 789 Race Ave, Palo Alto| 333333|
|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Menlo Park| 444444|
|Fleur Laurent| 345 Copper St, London| 777777|
|Gordon Martin| 779 Lake Ave, Oxford| 888888|
| Helen Davis| 469 Mission St, San Diego| 999999|
| Jason Wang| 908 Bird St, Saratoga| 121212|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
INSERT OVERWRITE students VALUES
('Ashua Hill', '456 Erica Ct, Cupertino', 111111),
('Brian Reed', '723 Kern Ave, Palo Alto', 222222);
SELECT * FROM students;
+----------+-----------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+----------+-----------------------+----------+
|Ashua Hill|456 Erica Ct, Cupertino| 111111|
|Brian Reed|723 Kern Ave, Palo Alto| 222222|
+----------+-----------------------+----------+
使用 SELECT 语句插入
-- Assuming the persons table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM persons;
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
| name| address| ssn|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Menlo Park|123456789|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
| Eddie Davis| 245 Market St, Milpitas|345678901|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
INSERT OVERWRITE students PARTITION (student_id = 222222)
SELECT name, address FROM persons WHERE name = "Dora Williams";
SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
| Ashua Hill| 456 Erica Ct, Cupertino| 111111|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Menlo Park| 222222|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
使用 REPLACE WHERE 语句插入
-- Assuming the persons and persons2 table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM persons;
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
| name| address| ssn|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Menlo Park|123456789|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
| Eddie Davis| 245 Market St, Milpitas|345678901|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
SELECT * FROM persons2;
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
| name| address| ssn|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
| Ashua Hill| 456 Erica Ct, Cupertino|432795921|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
-- in an atomic operation, 1) delete rows with ssn = 123456789 and 2) insert rows from persons2
INSERT INTO persons REPLACE WHERE ssn = 123456789 SELECT * FROM persons2
SELECT * FROM persons;
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
| name| address| ssn|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
| Eddie Davis| 245 Market St, Milpitas|345678901|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
| Ashua Hill| 456 Erica Ct, Cupertino|432795921|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
使用 TABLE 语句插入
-- Assuming the visiting_students table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM visiting_students;
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|Fleur Laurent|345 Copper St, London| 777777|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|Gordon Martin| 779 Lake Ave, Oxford| 888888|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
INSERT OVERWRITE students TABLE visiting_students;
SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|Fleur Laurent|345 Copper St, London| 777777|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|Gordon Martin| 779 Lake Ave, Oxford| 888888|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
使用 FROM 语句插入
-- Assuming the applicants table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM applicants;
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
| name| address|student_id|qualified|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
|Helen Davis| 469 Mission St, San Diego| 999999| true|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
| Ivy King|367 Leigh Ave, Santa Clara| 101010| false|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
| Jason Wang| 908 Bird St, Saratoga| 121212| true|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
INSERT OVERWRITE students
FROM applicants SELECT name, address, student_id WHERE qualified = true;
SELECT * FROM students;
+-----------+-------------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+-----------+-------------------------+----------+
|Helen Davis|469 Mission St, San Diego| 999999|
+-----------+-------------------------+----------+
| Jason Wang| 908 Bird St, Saratoga| 121212|
+-----------+-------------------------+----------+
使用类型化日期字面量作为分区列值插入
CREATE TABLE students (name STRING, address STRING) PARTITIONED BY (birthday DATE);
INSERT INTO students PARTITION (birthday = date'2019-01-02')
VALUES ('Amy Smith', '123 Park Ave, San Jose');
SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+
| name| address| birthday|
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+
| Amy Smith| 123 Park Ave, San Jose| 2019-01-02|
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+
INSERT OVERWRITE students PARTITION (birthday = date'2019-01-02')
VALUES('Jason Wang', '908 Bird St, Saratoga');
SELECT * FROM students;
+-----------+-------------------------+-----------+
| name| address| birthday|
+-----------+-------------------------+-----------+
| Jason Wang| 908 Bird St, Saratoga| 2019-01-02|
+-----------+-------------------------+-----------+
使用列列表插入
INSERT OVERWRITE students (address, name, student_id) VALUES
('Hangzhou, China', 'Kent Yao', 11215016);
SELECT * FROM students WHERE name = 'Kent Yao';
+---------+----------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+---------+----------------------+----------+
|Kent Yao | Hangzhou, China| 11215016|
+---------+----------------------+----------+
使用分区规范和列列表插入
INSERT OVERWRITE students PARTITION (student_id = 11215016) (address, name) VALUES
('Hangzhou, China', 'Kent Yao Jr.');
SELECT * FROM students WHERE student_id = 11215016;
+------------+----------------------+----------+
| name| address|student_id|
+------------+----------------------+----------+
|Kent Yao Jr.| Hangzhou, China| 11215016|
+------------+----------------------+----------+