创建数据源表

描述

CREATE TABLE 语句使用数据源定义一个新表。

语法

CREATE TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_identifier
    [ ( col_name1 col_type1 [ COMMENT col_comment1 ], ... ) ]
    USING data_source
    [ OPTIONS ( key1=val1, key2=val2, ... ) ]
    [ PARTITIONED BY ( col_name1, col_name2, ... ) ]
    [ CLUSTERED BY ( col_name3, col_name4, ... ) 
        [ SORTED BY ( col_name [ ASC | DESC ], ... ) ] 
        INTO num_buckets BUCKETS ]
    [ LOCATION path ]
    [ COMMENT table_comment ]
    [ TBLPROPERTIES ( key1=val1, key2=val2, ... ) ]
    [ AS select_statement ]

请注意,USING 子句和 AS SELECT 子句之间的子句可以按任意顺序出现。例如,您可以在 TBLPROPERTIES 之后编写 COMMENT table_comment。

参数

数据源交互

数据源表的作用类似于指向基础数据源的指针。例如,您可以使用 JDBC 数据源在 Spark 中创建一个指向 MySQL 中的表“bar”的表“foo”。当您读取/写入表“foo”时,您实际上是在读取/写入表“bar”。

通常,CREATE TABLE 创建一个“指针”,您需要确保它指向现有内容。文件源(如 parquet、json)除外。如果您未指定 LOCATION,Spark 将为您创建一个默认表位置。

对于带有 LOCATION 的 CREATE TABLE AS SELECT,如果给定位置存在且为非空目录,则 Spark 会抛出分析异常。如果将 spark.sql.legacy.allowNonEmptyLocationInCTAS 设置为 true,Spark 会使用输入查询的数据覆盖基础数据源,以确保创建的表包含与输入查询完全相同的数据。

示例


--Use data source
CREATE TABLE student (id INT, name STRING, age INT) USING CSV;

--Use data from another table
CREATE TABLE student_copy USING CSV
    AS SELECT * FROM student;
  
--Omit the USING clause, which uses the default data source (parquet by default)
CREATE TABLE student (id INT, name STRING, age INT);

--Use parquet data source with parquet storage options
--The columns 'id' and 'name' enable the bloom filter during writing parquet file,
--column 'age' does not enable
CREATE TABLE student_parquet(id INT, name STRING, age INT) USING PARQUET
    OPTIONS (
      'parquet.bloom.filter.enabled'='true',
      'parquet.bloom.filter.enabled#age'='false'
    );

--Specify table comment and properties
CREATE TABLE student (id INT, name STRING, age INT) USING CSV
    COMMENT 'this is a comment'
    TBLPROPERTIES ('foo'='bar');

--Specify table comment and properties with different clauses order
CREATE TABLE student (id INT, name STRING, age INT) USING CSV
    TBLPROPERTIES ('foo'='bar')
    COMMENT 'this is a comment';

--Create partitioned and bucketed table
CREATE TABLE student (id INT, name STRING, age INT)
    USING CSV
    PARTITIONED BY (age)
    CLUSTERED BY (Id) INTO 4 buckets;

--Create partitioned and bucketed table through CTAS
CREATE TABLE student_partition_bucket
    USING parquet
    PARTITIONED BY (age)
    CLUSTERED BY (id) INTO 4 buckets
    AS SELECT * FROM student;

--Create bucketed table through CTAS and CTE
CREATE TABLE student_bucket
    USING parquet
    CLUSTERED BY (id) INTO 4 buckets (
    WITH tmpTable AS (
        SELECT * FROM student WHERE id > 100
    )
    SELECT * FROM tmpTable
);